| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Gwardia Ludowa ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Gwardia Ludowa
Gwardia Ludowa ((:ˈɡvardja luˈdɔva); People's Guard) or GL was an underground armed organization created by the communist Polish Workers Party in German occupied Poland, with sponsorship from the Soviet Union. Formed in early 1942, within a short time Gwardia Ludowa became the largest clandestine fighting force on Polish soil which refused to join the structures of the Polish Underground State loyal to the government-in-exile based in London. In 1944 GL was incorporated into the communist Armia Ludowa on Soviet orders.
Gwardia Ludowa was created on 6 January 1942 with military aid from the Red Army. The availability of firearms led to GL instant growth to 3,000 fighters. Gwardia Ludowa was connected to the NKVD intelligence services of the Soviet Union. It was tasked with fighting against Germany by means of partisan warfare, sabotage, and reprisal actions. The full size partisan detachments were formed in May 1942 although foray groups were organized earlier. They operated near Piotrków and Radom. By the end of the year the organisation was divided onto seven administrative districts including Warsaw, Lublin, Radom-Kielce, Kraków, Łódź, Silesia and Lwów.
==Partisan actions==
First major operations of GL consisted of disassembling train tracks. Until December 1942 some 50 railway lines were damaged resulting in 30 German supply trains being disabled.〔Waldemar Tuszyński, ''( Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943 )'', KAW 1985, p. 51. ISBN 8303011154. .〕 Some 30 insurgents were caught and hanged,〔Marek Borucki, ''Od Mieszka I do Jana Pawła II'', Tom 26, ISBN 978-83-60751-06-0. 2007 pp. 44-46.〕 but the number of units grew to over 30 in the same time.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 43.〕 The most prominent sabotage action took place on 16 November 1942 along the railway line Radom – Łuków – Terespol, where five trains and a bridge were destroyed with the use of Soviet explosives.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 51.〕 Another five trains were derailed around Oświęcim on 25 February 1943. Throughout the year, trains were damaged around Warsaw in Olszynka Grochowska, Elsnerów, Legionowo, Żyrardów and Żywczyn.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 52.〕 In total, Gwardia Ludowa caused damage to 169 trains in 1943, as well as 113 train stations, resulting in 55 temporary line shut-downs.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 53.〕
GL retaliation actions included throwing grenades into buildings frequented by the Germans. The ''Apollo'' movie theatre in Radom was attacked on 22 November 1942; the ''Deutsches Haus'' in April 1943. In Kraków and Kielce the ''Nur für Deutsche'' coffee houses were bombed in December 1942 and February 1943 respectively.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 55.〕 The German administration building in Rzeszów was bombed also in February. Most of GL operations resulted in great number of Polish and Jewish hostages being shot by the Germans in reprisal.〔Tuszyński 1985, ''Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943'', p. 56.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Gwardia Ludowa」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|